HTML: <script> tag
This HTML tutorial explains how to use the HTML element called the <script> tag with syntax and examples.
Description
The HTML <script> tag is used to embed or reference a client-side script such as JavaScript. This tag is also commonly referred to as the <script> element.
Syntax
There are two ways that you can use the <script> tag. You can either embed the code within the <script> tags or you can reference a file that includes the code.
Embedded Code
In HTML, the syntax for the <script> tag that has embedded code within the <script> tag is:
<script type="text/javascript"> client-side scripting goes here ... </script>
Reference a File
In HTML, the syntax for the <script> tag that references a javascript file is:
<script src="/js/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
Attributes
In addition to the Global Attributes, the following is a list of attributes that are specific to the <script> tag:
| Attribute | Description | HTML Compatibility |
|---|---|---|
| async | Boolean value to indicate whether browser should execute script asynchronously | HTML 5 |
| src | URI of the external script | HTML 4.01, HTML 5 |
| type | Scripting language of the code. Can be one of the following values:
| HTML 4.01 (Not required in HTML 5) |
| language | Scripting language. Use type instead. | Deprecated |
| defer | Boolean value to indicate whether script is executed after document has been parsed | HTML 4.01, HTML 5 |
Note
- The HTML <script> element is found either within the <head> tag or the <body> tag.
- See also <noscript> tag.
Browser Compatibility
The <script> tag has basic support with the following browsers:
- Chrome
- Android
- Firefox (Gecko)
- Firefox Mobile (Gecko)
- Internet Explorer (IE)
- IE Phone
- Opera
- Opera Mobile
- Safari (WebKit)
- Safari Mobile
Example
We will discuss the <script> tag below, exploring examples of how to use the <script> tag in HTML 5, HTML 4.01 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Strict, and XHTML 1.1.
HTML 5 Document
If you created a new web page in HTML 5, your <script> tag might look like this:
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<script src="/js/functions.js"></script>
<title>HTML 5 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
document.write("HTML 5 Script Tag Example");
</script>
</body>
</html>
In this HTML 5 Document example, we have used the <script> tag within the <head> tag to reference a javascript file called functions.js. We have also used the <script> tag within the <body> tag to print the text "HTML 5 Script Tag Example".
Notice that in the HTML 5 Document example that type="text/javascript" is not required in the <script> tag.
HTML 4.01 Transitional Document
If you created a new web page in HTML 4.01 Transitional, your <script> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<script src="/js/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<title>HTML 4.01 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("HTML 4.01 Transitional Script Tag Example");
</script>
</body>
</html>
In this HTML 4.01 Transitional Document example, we have used the <script> tag within the <head> tag to reference a javascript file called functions.js. We have also used the <script> tag within the <body> tag to print the text "HTML 4.01 Transitional Script Tag Example".
XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document
If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Transitional, your <script> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script src="/js/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<title>XHMTL 1.0 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("HTML XHTML 1.0 Transitional Script Tag Example");
</script>
</body>
</html>
In this XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document example, we have used the <script> tag within the <head> tag to reference a javascript file called functions.js. We have also used the <script> tag within the <body> tag to print the text "XHTML 1.0 Transitional Script Tag Example".
XHTML 1.0 Strict Document
If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Strict, your <script> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script src="/js/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<title>XHTML 1.0 Strict Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("HTML XHTML 1.0 Strict Script Tag Example");
</script>
</body>
</html>
In this XHTML 1.0 Strict Document example, we have used the <script> tag within the <head> tag to reference a javascript file called functions.js. We have also used the <script> tag within the <body> tag to print the text "XHTML 1.0 Strict Script Tag Example".
XHTML 1.1 Document
If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.1, your <script> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script src="/js/functions.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<title>XHTML 1.1 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("HTML XHTML 1.1 Script Tag Example");
</script>
</body>
</html>
In this XHTML 1.1 Document example, we have used the <script> tag within the <head> tag to reference a javascript file called functions.js. We have also used the <script> tag within the <body> tag to print the text "XHTML 1.1 Script Tag Example".
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