Monday, 13 June 2016

HyperText Markup Language(HTML)


HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the technology used to create web pages that are displayed on web browsers. All web developers should know how to write, structure, and troubleshoot HTML

HTML: <!DOCTYPE> tag

This HTML tutorial explains how to use the HTML element called the <!DOCTYPE> tag with syntax and examples.

Description

The HTML <!DOCTYPE> tag is the very first line in the HTML document. It tells the browser what version of HTML the document is written so that the browser knows what to expect. This tag is also commonly referred to as the <!DOCTYPE> element.

Syntax

The syntax for the <!DOCTYPE> tag varies between on the version of HTML or XHTML you are using. Let's look at the most common usages.
The syntax in HTML 5 is:
<!doctype html>
The syntax in HTML 4.01 Transitional is:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
The syntax in XHTML 1.0 Transitional is:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
The syntax in XHTML 1.0 Strict is:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
The syntax in XHTML 1.1 is:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

Browser Compatibility

The <!DOCTYPE> tag has basic support with the following browsers:
  • Chrome
  • Android
  • Firefox (Gecko)
  • Firefox Mobile (Gecko)
  • Internet Explorer (IE)
  • IE Phone
  • Opera
  • Opera Mobile
  • Safari (WebKit)
  • Safari Mobile

Example

We will discuss the <html> tag below, exploring examples of how to use the <html> tag in HTML 5, HTML 4.01 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Strict, and XHTML 1.1.

HTML 5 Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 5, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:
<!doctype html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML 5 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>
In this HTML 5 Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

HTML 4.01 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 4.01 Transitional, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>HTML 4.01 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>
In this HTML 4.01 Transitional Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Transitional, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Transitional Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>
In this XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Strict Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Strict, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Strict Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>
In this XHTML 1.0 Strict Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

XHTML 1.1 Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.1, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.1 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>
In this XHTML 1.1 Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag

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