HTML: <link> tag

This HTML tutorial explains how to use the HTML element called the <link> tag with syntax and examples.

Description

The HTML <link> tag links an external resource, such as a css file, to the HTML document. This tag is also commonly referred to as the <link> element.

HTML <link> Tag Syntax - Linking a Stylesheet

The syntax for linking a stylesheet using the HTML <link> tag is:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css">
</head>

or in XHTML, the syntax for the <link> tag is:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css" />
</head>

Attributes

In addition to the Global Attributes, the following is a list of attributes that are specific to the <link> tag:

Attribute	Description	HTML Compatibility
charset	Character encoding of the linked resource	Obsolete
disabled	Disable a link relationship	Non-standard, Only used by some Microsoft browsers
href	URL of the linked resource	HTML 4.01, HTML 5
hreflang	Language of the linked resource	HTML 4.01, HTML 5
media	Media that the linked resource applies to	HTML 4.01, HTML 5
methods	Information about functions that might be performed on object	Non-standard
rel	Type of linked resource	HTML 4.01, HTML 5
rev	Relationship of current document to linked document	Obsolete
sizes	Sizes of the icons (when rel contains icon)	HTML 5
target	Frame name that has defined linking relationship	Non-standard
type	MIME_type of the linked resource	HTML 4.01, HTML 5

Note

• The HTML <link> element is found within the <head> tag.
• The <link> tag is most commonly used to link a stylesheet or css file to the HTML document.

Browser Compatibility

The <link> tag has basic support with the following browsers:

• Chrome
• Android
• Firefox (Gecko)
• Firefox Mobile (Gecko)
• Internet Explorer (IE)
• IE Phone
• Opera
• Opera Mobile
• Safari (WebKit)
• Safari Mobile

Example

We will discuss the <link> tag below, exploring examples of how to use the <link> tag in HTML 5, HTML 4.01 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Strict, and XHTML 1.1.

HTML 5 Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 5, your <link> tag might look like this:

<!doctype html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css">
<title>HTML 5 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 5 Document example, we have have linked a stylesheet called main.css (found in the /css directory) to the HTML document.

HTML 4.01 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 4.01 Transitional, your <link> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css">
<title>HTML 4.01 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 4.01 Transitional Document example, we have have linked a stylesheet called main.css (found in the /css directory) to the HTML document.

XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Transitional, your <link> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css" />
<title>XHMTL 1.0 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document example, we have have linked a stylesheet called main.css (found in the /css directory) to the HTML document.

XHTML 1.0 Strict Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Strict, your <link> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Strict Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Strict Document example, we have have linked a stylesheet called main.css (found in the /css directory) to the HTML document.

XHTML 1.1 Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.1, your <link> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css" type="text/css" />
<title>XHTML 1.1 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.1 Document example, we have have linked a stylesheet called main.css (found in the /css directory) to the HTML document.

HTML: <head> tag

This HTML tutorial explains how to use the HTML element called the <head> tag with syntax and examples.

Description

The HTML <head> tag contains metadata and instructions for the browser that is not directly visible on the web page. This tag is also commonly referred to as the <head> element.

Syntax

In HTML, the syntax for the <head> tag is:

<head>
</head>

Attributes

In addition to the Global Attributes, the following is a list of attributes that are specific to the <head> tag:

Attribute	Description	HTML Compatibility
profile	URIs of metadata profiles	HTML 4, Obsolete in HTML5

Note

• The HTML <head> element is found within the <html> tag.
• The most common elements found in the <head> tag are: <title>, <meta>, <link> and <script> tags.

Browser Compatibility

The <head> tag has basic support with the following browsers:

• Chrome
• Android
• Firefox (Gecko)
• Firefox Mobile (Gecko)
• Internet Explorer (IE)
• IE Phone
• Opera
• Opera Mobile
• Safari (WebKit)
• Safari Mobile

Example

We will discuss the <head> tag below, exploring examples of how to use the <head> tag in HTML 5, HTML 4.01 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Strict, and XHTML 1.1.

HTML 5 Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 5, your <head> tag might look like this:

<!doctype html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML 5 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 5 Document example, we have have placed a <meta> tag and a <title> tag within the <head> tag. You should always see a <title> tag within the <head> tag.

HTML 4.01 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 4.01 Transitional, your <head> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>HTML 4.01 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 4.01 Transitional Document example, we have have placed a <meta> tag and a <title> tag within the <head> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Transitional, your <head> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Transitional Example</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document example, we have have placed a <meta> tag and a <title> tag within the <head> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Strict Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Strict, your <head> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Strict Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Strict Document example, we have have placed a <meta> tag and a <title> tag within the <head> tag.

XHTML 1.1 Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.1, your <head> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.1 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.1 Document example, we have have placed a <meta> tag and a <title> tag within the <head> tag.

Summary of HTML <head> tag

As you can see, regardless of the Document type that you choose to create, the <head> tag will contain very similar elements, the most basic being the <title> tag and <meta> tag.

HTML Tag

HTML: <html> tag

This HTML tutorial explains how to use the HTML element called the <html> tag with syntax and examples.

Description

The HTML <html> tag is the container for all other HTML elements. This tag is also commonly referred to as the <html> element.

Syntax

In HTML, the syntax for the <html> tag is:

<html>
</html>

Attributes

In addition to the Global Attributes, the following is a list of attributes that are specific to the <html> tag:

Attribute	Description	HTML Compatibility
manifest	URIs of a resource manifest	HTML 5 (Gecko 1.9)
version	Version of the HTML Document type definition	Depreciated in HTML 4.01, Obsolete in HTML 5

Note

• The HTML <html> element contains two sections, the <head> section and the <body> section.
• The <html> tag does not include <!DOCTYPE> tag.

Browser Compatibility

The <html> tag has basic support with the following browsers:

• Chrome
• Android
• Firefox (Gecko)
• Firefox Mobile (Gecko)
• Internet Explorer (IE)
• IE Phone
• Opera
• Opera Mobile
• Safari (WebKit)
• Safari Mobile

Example

We will discuss the <html> tag below, exploring examples of how to use the <html> tag in HTML 5, HTML 4.01 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Strict, and XHTML 1.1.

HTML 5 Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 5, your <html> tag might look like this:

<!doctype html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML 5 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 5 Document example, there is the <!DOCTYPE> tag on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

Next, is the <html> tag which is the container for the rest of the HTML tags.The <html> tag contains 2 sections - <head> tag and <body> tag. The <head> tag contains a <meta> tag and <title> tag. The <body> tag contains a <h1> tag and a <p> tag.

HTML 4.01 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 4.01 Transitional, your <html> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>HTML 4.01 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 4.01 Transitional Document example, there is the <!DOCTYPE> tag on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

Next, is the <html> tag which is the container for the rest of the HTML tags.The <html> tag contains 2 sections - <head> tag and <body> tag. The <head> tag contains a <meta> tag and <title> tag. The <body> tag contains a <h1> tag and a <p> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Transitional, your <html> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Transitional Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document example, there is the <!DOCTYPE> tag on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

Next, is the <html> tag which is the container for the rest of the HTML tags.The <html> tag contains 2 sections - <head> tag and <body> tag. The <head> tag contains a <meta> tag and <title> tag. The <body> tag contains a <h1> tag and a <p> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Strict Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Strict, your <html> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Strict Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Strict Document example, there is the <!DOCTYPE> tag on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

Next, is the <html> tag which is the container for the rest of the HTML tags.The <html> tag contains 2 sections - <head> tag and <body> tag. The <head> tag contains a <meta> tag and <title> tag. The <body> tag contains a <h1> tag and a <p> tag.

XHTML 1.1 Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.1, your <html> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.1 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.1 Document example, there is the <!DOCTYPE> tag on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

Next, is the <html> tag which is the container for the rest of the HTML tags.The <html> tag contains 2 sections - <head> tag and <body> tag. The <head> tag contains a <meta> tag and <title> tag. The <body> tag contains a <h1> tag and a <p> tag.

HyperText Markup Language(HTML)

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language. It is the technology used to create web pages that are displayed on web browsers. All web developers should know how to write, structure, and troubleshoot HTML

HTML: <!DOCTYPE> tag

This HTML tutorial explains how to use the HTML element called the <!DOCTYPE> tag with syntax and examples.

Description

The HTML <!DOCTYPE> tag is the very first line in the HTML document. It tells the browser what version of HTML the document is written so that the browser knows what to expect. This tag is also commonly referred to as the <!DOCTYPE> element.

Syntax

The syntax for the <!DOCTYPE> tag varies between on the version of HTML or XHTML you are using. Let's look at the most common usages.

The syntax in HTML 5 is:

<!doctype html>

The syntax in HTML 4.01 Transitional is:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

The syntax in XHTML 1.0 Transitional is:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

The syntax in XHTML 1.0 Strict is:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

The syntax in XHTML 1.1 is:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

Browser Compatibility

The <!DOCTYPE> tag has basic support with the following browsers:

• Chrome
• Android
• Firefox (Gecko)
• Firefox Mobile (Gecko)
• Internet Explorer (IE)
• IE Phone
• Opera
• Opera Mobile
• Safari (WebKit)
• Safari Mobile

Example

We will discuss the <html> tag below, exploring examples of how to use the <html> tag in HTML 5, HTML 4.01 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Transitional, XHTML 1.0 Strict, and XHTML 1.1.

HTML 5 Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 5, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:

<!doctype html>
<html>

<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>HTML 5 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 5 Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

HTML 4.01 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in HTML 4.01 Transitional, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>HTML 4.01 Transitional Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this HTML 4.01 Transitional Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Transitional, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Transitional Example</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Transitional Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

XHTML 1.0 Strict Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.0 Strict, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.0 Strict Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.0 Strict Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag.

XHTML 1.1 Document

If you created a new web page in XHTML 1.1, your <!DOCTYPE> tag might look like this:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">

<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>XHTML 1.1 Example by www.techonthenet.com</title>
</head>

<body>
<h1>Heading</h1>
<p>This is the content.</p>
</body>
</html>

In this XHTML 1.1 Document example, the <!DOCTYPE> tag is on the first line which is not contained within the <html> tag

Pivot table in Excel

MS Excel 2007: Create a pivot table

how to create a pivot table in Excel 2007 (with screenshots and step-by-step instructions.

Question: How do I create a pivot table in Microsoft Excel 2007?

Answer: In this example, the data for the pivot table resides on Sheet.

Highlight the cell where you'd like to see the pivot table. In this example, we've selected cell A1 on Sheet2.

Next, select the Insert tab from the toolbar at the top of the screen. In the Tables group, click on the arrow under the PivotTablebutton and select PivotTable from the popup menu.

A Create PivotTable window should appear. Select the range of data for the pivot table and click on the OK button. In this example, we've chosen cells A1 to D2156 in Sheet1.

Your pivot table should now appear as follows:

Next, choose the fields to add to the report. In this example, we've selected the checkboxes next to the Order ID and Quantityfields.

Next under the Values box, click on the "Sum of Order ID" and drag it to the Row Labels box.

Finally, we want the title in cell A1 to show as "Order ID" instead of "Row Labels". To do this, select cell A1 and type Order ID.

Your pivot table should now display the total quantity for each Order ID as follows:

MS Excel 2007: Change data source for a pivot table

This explains how to change the data source for a pivot table in Excel 2007 (with screenshots and step-by-step instructions

Question: In Microsoft Excel 2007, I've created a pivot table and now I need to change the data source. How do I change the data source for an existing pivot table?

Answer:Select the Options tab from the toolbar at the top of the screen. In the Data group, click on Change Data Sourcebutton.

When the Change PivotTable Data Source window appears, change the Table/Range value to reflect the new data source for your pivot table. Click on the OK button.

Now when you return to your pivot table, it should display information from the new data source.

MS Excel 2007: Refresh a pivot table

This Excel tutorial explains how to refresh a pivot table in Excel 2007 (with screenshots and step-by-step instructions.

Question: How do I refresh a pivot table in Microsoft Excel 2007?

Answer: To refresh a pivot table, right-click on the pivot table and then select "Refresh" from the popup menu.

MS Excel 2007: Remove grand totals for columns in a pivot table

This Excel tutorial explains how to remove grand totals for columns in a pivot table in Excel 2007 (with screenshots and step-by-step instructions).

Question: On a pivot table, how do I remove grand totals for columns in Microsoft Excel 2007?

Answer: Below we want to remove the grand totals for the Order ID columns.

To remove this column grand total, right-click on the pivot table and then select "PivotTable Options" from the popup menu.

When the PivotTable Options window appears, select the "Totals & Filters" tab. Then uncheck the checkbox called "Show grand totals for columns". Click the OK button.

Now when you return to the spreadsheet, the grand totals for the Order ID columns will no longer be visible.

How to select data in the SQL

Selecting Data

The select statement is used to query the database and retrieve selected data that match the criteria that you specify. Here is the format of a simple select statement:

select "column11"
  [,"column12",etc] 
  from "tablename"
  [where "condition"];
  [] = optional

The column names that follow the select keyword determine which columns will be returned in the results. You can select as many column names that you'd like, or you can use a "*" to select all columns.

The table name that follows the keyword from specifies the table that will be queried to retrieve the desired results.

The where clause (optional) specifies which data values or rows will be returned or displayed, based on the criteria described after the keyword where.

Conditional selections used in the where clause:

=	Equal
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal
<=	Less than or equal
<>	Not equal to
LIKE	*See note below

The LIKE pattern matching operator can also be used in the conditional selection of the where clause. Like is a very powerful operator that allows you to select only rows that are "like" what you specify. The percent sign "%" can be used as a wild card to match any possible character that might appear before or after the characters specified.

 For example:

select first, last, city
   from empinfo
   where first LIKE 'Pu%';

This SQL statement will match any first names that start with 'Pu'. Strings must be in single quotes.

Or you can specify,

select first, last
   from empinfo
   where last LIKE '%d';

This statement will match any last names that end in a 'd'.

select * from empinfo
   where first = 'Pune';

This will only select rows where the first name equals 'Pune' exactly.

Sample Table: empinfo
first	last	id	age	city	state
John	sons	90901	45	Delhi	Delhi
Mary	coms	90902	25	Punjab	Punjab
Eric	wards	80801	32	Pune	Maharastra
Mary Com	Edwards	80802	32	hyderabad	Telangana
Ginger	well	90802	42	Chennai	Tamilanadu
Sebastian	Wala	98001	23	Goa	Goa
Gussa	Gray	20802	35	Banglore	Karnataka
Mary Com	May	30802	52	Mumbai	Maharastra
Erisca	Williams	32427	60	Noida	Haryana
Lebroy	Lable	34243	22	Luknow	UP
Emma	Clever	33343	22	Kolkata	Bengal

Try the below sample select statements at home.

select first, last, city from empinfo; 

select last, city, age from empinfo
       where age > 30; 

select first, last, city, state from empinfo
       where first LIKE 'S%'; 

select * from empinfo; 

select first, last, from empinfo
       where last LIKE '%s'; 

select first, last, age from empinfo
       where last LIKE '%ary%'; 

select * from empinfo where first = 'Erisc';

What is SQL & Basics of Tables?

What is SQL?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is used to communicate with a database. According to ANSI (American National Standards Institute), it is the standard language for relational database management systems. SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a database, or retrieve data from a database. Some common relational database management systems that use SQL are: Oracle, Sybase, Microsoft SQL Server, Access, Ingres, etc. Although most database systems use SQL, most of them also have their own additional proprietary extensions that are usually only used on their system. However, the standard SQL commands such as "Select", "Insert", "Update", "Delete", "Create", and "Drop" can be used to accomplish almost everything that one needs to do with a database. This tutorial will provide you with the instruction on the basics of each of these commands as well as allow you to put them to practice using the SQL Interpreter.

Table Basics

A relational database system contains one or more objects called tables. The data or information for the database are stored in these tables. Tables are uniquely identified by their names and are comprised of columns and rows. Columns contain the column name, data type, and any other attributes for the column. Rows contain the records or data for the columns. Here is a sample table called "weather Report".

city, state, high, and low are the columns. The rows contain the data for this table:

Weather Report
city	state	high	low
Hyderabad	Telangana	100	85
Mumbai	MH	102	92
New Delhi	Delhi	86	69
Bangaluru	Karnataka	79	60
Ahmadabad	Gujarat	85	72